This article analyzes the 2025 amendment to the Constitution of the Slovak Republic as an expression of constitutional self-definition within the European legal order. It argues that Slovakia’s assertion of competence in ethical and cultural questions represents neither isolationism nor

The idea of constitutional supremacy sounds attractive: a legalistic, non-partisan, essentially non-human document hovering above a state and guiding major institutions and constitutional actors towards desired outcomes. Who wouldn’t want that? That is…until you start digging into what actually occurs

Recent developments in the EU’s crypto regulation, particularly France’s alleged intention to block passported CASPs authorised in other Member States and transfer supervision to ESMA, raise key questions about the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation’s (MiCA) enforcement scope—particularly whether host

The policies of sovereignty protection and constitutional identity in Europe have recently been at the forefront of European academia and discourse, and several constitutional courts of EU Member States have been active over the past years. In their jurisprudence, they

On September 10 2025, Verfassungsblog published To Uniformity and Beyond. Hungary’s Supreme Court and the Implementation of CJEU Rulings. The article raised important questions about how Hungarian judicial institutions interact with the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

Moving further from previous pieces published here on the topic of sovereignty protection regarding Hungary and the EU, an international comparison is now in order to see whether foreign influence is a real problem in other countries as well, and

Expensive, government-commissioned reports built on fabricated studies may sound at first like a tabloid-style “AI scandal,” but the story runs much deeper. The recent Canadian and Australian Deloitte cases—involving uncontrolled Gen AI use without validation—do not simply reveal technical errors. They

Modern machine learning systems have become part of our social infrastructure, which means that the biases they transmit are not just technical glitches but real legal and ethical risks. In practice, bias often persists even when protected attributes are formally

Fundamental-rights compliance: everyone wants something different A persistent tension emerges between industry actors and civil rights groups. Industry argues that it is unclear why they are held to detailed human-rights compliance, especially on anti-discrimination, while other actors with comparable risk face

Rethinking Autonomy in the Age of Extraction In 1983, the German Federal Constitutional Court recognized a new constitutional right: informational self-determination. The decision—known as the Census Act Case (Volkszählungsurteil)—held that individuals must retain control over how their personal data is collected and

“If freedom of expression is sacrificed in the struggle for democracy, there will no longer be anything worth fighting for.” This is a citation from a decision of the Czech Constitutional Court, which deals in detail with the case of

Rapid advances in neurotechnology, such as brain-computer interfaces, neuroimaging, and Artificial Intelligence-powered thought analysis systems, offer new opportunities to understand and influence the human brain. While these technologies are promising, they raise serious questions about the preservation of individual freedom,