The institutional landscape of financial regulation in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) is currently undergoing a divergent transformation, where the traditional paradigm of independence of financial supervision is being redefined by distinct political and constitutional pressures.

Introduction Freedom of expression is increasingly under strain in Western societies across the political spectrum. Societies have become so deeply polarised that public discourse is marked by vociferousness, intolerance, and a performative posture of openness and tolerance toward opposing ideas. More

European governance increasingly operates through instruments that remain formally non-binding while producing effects comparable to legal obligation. From pandemic terminology to rule of law conditionality, influence is exercised through assessments, declarations, and coordinated expectations rather than binding acts. This shift

Iran has produced constitutions with remarkable regularity, but never one that genuinely reckoned with its own diversity. This article traces the origins of Iran's constitutional identity crisis from the Qajar period to the present, trying to engage legal scholarship in

The recently appointed Dutch government has expressed its intention to simplify the procedures under Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union in order to facilitate the suspension of voting rights of certain Member States in the Council of the

In the 21st century, the assessment of sovereignty is increasingly approached through resilience: the decisive factor is the capacity by which state institutions remain functional amid external shocks and threats, ensuring the implementability of decisions and a minimum of rule-of-law

The model's operation is strictly iterative and characterized by a built-in self-checking mechanism. The root model continuously receives, evaluates, and synthesizes the partial results extracted by the sub-models. If it detects a contradiction during this synthesis, or if a claim

As Artificial Intelligence is increasingly tasked with processing massive, multi-thousand-page document sets, traditional Large Language Models frequently stumble due to 'context rot' (a severe degradation in memory and accuracy when overwhelmed by data). A recent architectural breakthrough known as Recursive

While I have always been an optimist when it comes to the transformative power of technology on child safety, I must acknowledge that the potential benefits are currently outweighed by the harm that humans are using AI for. To advance

After several other case studies on sovereignty protection in the UK or the EU, I will examine “the Lion City” also known as Singapore dealing with foreign interference. The city-state is a special case because, although it is no longer

The geopolitical challenges of the 21st century, particularly the rise of digital disinformation and covert attempts at political influence, have forced several countries to review their approach to foreign influence. I have previously described how this has manifested itself in

The implementation of Artificial Intelligence in managerial contexts represents a significant transformation that raises deeply complex questions from a contemporary legal and constitutional perspective. Although technology is frequently presented as a neutral tool for productive optimization and increasing organizational efficiency,