The Resurgence of Neutrality in International Law
Armed conflicts of the 21st century show that the international legal order is under pressure. Great powers violate the obligation of jus contra bellum protected by Article 2 (4) of the UN Charter. While the general ban on the use
Different Perspectives on the Primacy of EU Law: Constitutionalism vs. Legal Pluralism
The debate regarding the primacy of EU law and the relationship between European and national law seems to be never-ending within European integration. It is a significant question from the perspective of the development of EU law and national constitutional
Neutrality Under Pressure: Historical Trauma and Strategic Choice in Moldova and Serbia
As the United Nations Security Council is unable to prevent or solve crises endangering international peace and security, other tools of international law are gaining priority. Neutrality fills the gap as long as the UNSC is unable to adopt a
Switzerland’s Neutrality in a Changing Europe: Legal Perspectives and Evolving Partnerships
Switzerland is the model for permanent neutrality since 1815; however, the international legal order has changed significantly since the Treaty of Paris. The adoption of the UN Charter and the general ban on the use of force, the emergence of
Rethinking Cohesion: Is the Policy Shift Diluting the Original Vision?
Cohesion policy is essential for the common market and European economy. It mitigates the negative effects of integration. However, the tendencies from the previous legislative cycle show that there is a tendency of fewer resource being allocated for cohesion and
Equality of Member States and Diverging Implications of Decision-Making Rules from the Perspective of Small and Large States
Ever since the peace treaties of Westphalia (signed in Osnabrück and Münster), the equal sovereignty of states is the basis of the international legal order. Various international organizations operate in this international framework, with consensus-based, weighted and qualified majority voting
Here Comes the Fun(ding) Police! Tracking Foreign Funding of U.S. Universities
American universities have become strategic targets in an era of intensifying competition with China. Universities concentrate advanced research, train future scientific and technical elites, and generate knowledge with direct military and civilian applications. Yet despite higher education’s importance to national
The EU’s Strategic Paralysis in the Arctic: Greenland as a Test of European Power
The crisis regarding Greenland shifts the focus to a deeper problem faced by European integration and specifically the CFSP, namely the lack of a clear strategy for the 21st century’s geopolitical competition, which should urgently be placed at the top
Legal Pluralism as a Theory in European Public Discourse
There are many valid international legal theories that can be analyzed in parallel to gain more knowledge regarding European integration, the relationship between the EU and national law and the issues faced by the EU, Member States and European citizens
What remains of International Law?
The emergence of new armed conflicts in the 21st century seems to call into question the foundations of international law and the effectiveness of the international legal order. Even though the general ban on the use of force in the