The institutional landscape of financial regulation in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) is currently undergoing a divergent transformation, where the traditional paradigm of independence of financial supervision is being redefined by distinct political and constitutional pressures.

Introduction Freedom of expression is increasingly under strain in Western societies across the political spectrum. Societies have become so deeply polarised that public discourse is marked by vociferousness, intolerance, and a performative posture of openness and tolerance toward opposing ideas. More

European governance increasingly operates through instruments that remain formally non-binding while producing effects comparable to legal obligation. From pandemic terminology to rule of law conditionality, influence is exercised through assessments, declarations, and coordinated expectations rather than binding acts. This shift

The post explores the debate over limiting the voting rights of Member States joining the European Union during its enlargement. Although under the EU’s founding treaties, new members receive full rights upon accession, a new proposal suggests that the veto

This article analyzes the 2025 amendment to the Constitution of the Slovak Republic as an expression of constitutional self-definition within the European legal order. It argues that Slovakia’s assertion of competence in ethical and cultural questions represents neither isolationism nor

The idea of constitutional supremacy sounds attractive: a legalistic, non-partisan, essentially non-human document hovering above a state and guiding major institutions and constitutional actors towards desired outcomes. Who wouldn’t want that? That is…until you start digging into what actually occurs

Recent developments in the EU’s crypto regulation, particularly France’s alleged intention to block passported CASPs authorised in other Member States and transfer supervision to ESMA, raise key questions about the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation’s (MiCA) enforcement scope—particularly whether host

The September session of the General Assembly of the United Nations (22-30 September, UNGA) was even more anticipated by the press, politicians and the public in general as usual. Lawyers interested in international law were curious about how the session

Why this debate matters now The European Union’s legal architecture rests on the supremacy of Union law, articulated through the doctrines established by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in Costa v. ENEL (1964) and Simmenthal (1978). These doctrines enshrine a

Hungary finds itself caught between two contrasting constitutional approaches to platform power: the United States’ near-complete deference to private autonomy and the European Union’s regulatory turn toward accountability. This paper argues that Hungarian constitutional doctrine, with its recognition of positive