Cashed In or Cashed Out? – Current Issues of Currency and the Fight for “Cashless” Societies
“Cash is king”. We often hear this saying, however, the global economy increasingly favors digital payment systems. However, in the era of a „No Kings” public discourse mindset, a counter-movement has started emerging to protect physical currency. Governments and citizens
“Cashing Out”? The Costs of a Digital Euro Between Viral Panic and Constitutional Reality
In recent months, social media platforms have been flooded with posts claiming that “Europe has outlawed cash,” “financial freedom is over,” and that the digital euro will usher in an era of total financial surveillance. These narratives are typically framed in dramatic,
Algorithmic Sovereignty and Digital Governance in China
In today’s China, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not only a technological innovation, but also a powerful socio-technical force that shapes everyday life. It’s enough to mention a few local Artificial Intelligence solutions – such as DeepSeek, Ernie Bot, and Qwen
How The Sleeping Lion Awoke. Singapore’s Foreign Interference Countermeasures Act
After several other case studies on sovereignty protection in the UK or the EU, I will examine “the Lion City” also known as Singapore dealing with foreign interference. The city-state is a special case because, although it is no longer
Let The Sunshine In? Opening the Blinds on the Australian Transparency Framework
The geopolitical challenges of the 21st century, particularly the rise of digital disinformation and covert attempts at political influence, have forced several countries to review their approach to foreign influence. I have previously described how this has manifested itself in
Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Rights: A Multidimensional Legal Perspective is Needed
The implementation of Artificial Intelligence in managerial contexts represents a significant transformation that raises deeply complex questions from a contemporary legal and constitutional perspective. Although technology is frequently presented as a neutral tool for productive optimization and increasing organizational efficiency,
Consent Without Comprehension: Rethinking Constitutional Autonomy in the Datafied Age
Rethinking Autonomy in the Age of Extraction In 1983, the German Federal Constitutional Court recognized a new constitutional right: informational self-determination. The decision—known as the Census Act Case (Volkszählungsurteil)—held that individuals must retain control over how their personal data is collected and
Expression Prevails: How the Czech Constitutional Court Supports Open Discourse – A Comment on Mizerova and Martinek
“If freedom of expression is sacrificed in the struggle for democracy, there will no longer be anything worth fighting for.” This is a citation from a decision of the Czech Constitutional Court, which deals in detail with the case of
Mental Privacy and State Responsibility: Constitutional Dilemmas in the Codification of Neurorights
Rapid advances in neurotechnology, such as brain-computer interfaces, neuroimaging, and Artificial Intelligence-powered thought analysis systems, offer new opportunities to understand and influence the human brain. While these technologies are promising, they raise serious questions about the preservation of individual freedom,
Adding Ad Rules for Additional Guarantees? On How the EU Creates Rules for Digital Political Advertising on Social Media
The relationship between politics and various media outlets has played an important role in every political system. In democratic societies, the primary goal of the media is to inform the public through opinions and information. The media – to fulfill