Judicial Review and the Constraints of the Primacy of EU Law Part 2—Poland and Romania
As discussed in an earlier post about Germany, from the point of view of European traditions and systems of judicial review, defining the procedure by which the limits of the primacy of EU law are enforced may be just as
The Balance Between Free Speech and Contractual Obligations in Boronyák v. Hungary
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) recently adjudicated a Hungarian case that sheds light on the balance between the right to free speech and the enforcement of contractual confidentiality clauses. In Boronyák v. Hungary, the court’s ruling underscores the
Personal Intelligence: A Gateway Drug to All-knowing AI?—Part I.
Apple has recently announced that its latest generation of operating systems will now run its personal assistant service on a serious AI basis and will have direct access to all personal data on the system. While privacy was at least
COVID-19 and the EU—A Crisis Caused by A Crisis?
The COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented global health crisis, has left an indelible mark on nations and organizations worldwide. The European Union, renowned for its unique system of shared competences with its Member States, faced the formidable challenge of navigating the
Working in Less Mysterious Ways? Renewed EWCs to Ensure Workers’ Rights in MNCs
In June 2024, the Council agreed to strengthen the existing rules concerning the European Works Councils (EWCs). The call to review the existing directive on the works councils has been present for a substantial time but started being discussed actively
AI in the Classroom: Opportunities and Challenges
Generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI / GAI) is gaining ground in various industries, and education is no exception. The use of AI in education can not only increase the efficiency of teaching, but also open up new possibilities for personalized learning.
Judicial Review and the Constraints of the Primacy of EU Law Part 1—the German Saga
The CJEU’s long-standing case law establishes that national courts must set aside conflicting national laws in favor of EU law, resembling a decentralized judicial review system. In contrast, traditional centralized judicial review involves a single body determining the constitutionality and
Digital Societies and Democracy in FRAgmented World—Comments on the FRA’s 2024 Fundamental Rights Report
The digital space has become a key arena both for social and economic inclusion in the EU and its Member States. In 2023, the EU has consolidated its position as a global entity in technology regulation and focused on mitigating
Take a Ride on the Nightmare Bus! – An Invitation to the Discourse on Offensive Expressions and an Homage to Joel Feinberg
To begin this essay, I warmly invite esteemed readers to embark on a captivating fictional journey. Imagine getting on a bus in the morning, on your way to work or university. The bus is late, you're in a hurry, and
VPN Regulation: Is It Allowed Everywhere, or Should You Be Careful?
There are many benefits to using a VPN, saving money and time, viewing content you can’t normally access, and using services that you otherwise couldnt. However, as with all activities, you need to be aware of the legal requirements when
