“Cashing Out”? The Costs of a Digital Euro Between Viral Panic and Constitutional Reality
In recent months, social media platforms have been flooded with posts claiming that “Europe has outlawed cash,” “financial freedom is over,” and that the digital euro will usher in an era of total financial surveillance. These narratives are typically framed in dramatic,
Algorithmic Sovereignty and Digital Governance in China
In today’s China, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not only a technological innovation, but also a powerful socio-technical force that shapes everyday life. It’s enough to mention a few local Artificial Intelligence solutions – such as DeepSeek, Ernie Bot, and Qwen
Unilateral Acts as Sources of the International Law of Permanent Neutrality
Despite its importance, there are many open questions regarding the core definition of what a permanently neutral state is. In the clearest situations, like the case of Switzerland or Austria, and Malta, permanent neutrality is based on a constitutional law
Transparency Without Access? Rethinking a Fundamental Right
Public access to documents plays a pivotal role in the transparency of EU decision-making and is a cornerstone of good administration. Despite its importance as a fundamental right, there have been many occasions when the refusal, delay or restriction of
The End of Daylight Saving Time: Why Europe Needs a Region-Specific Time Policy
Daylight Saving Time (DST) is an outdated policy that no longer saves energy in modern Europe; its minimal gains in lighting are now completely offset by increased demand for heating. Our analysis across EU countries confirms that a one-size-fits-all approach
The Future of Constitutional Interpretation in Europe: Natural Law or Positive Law?
The evolution of constitutional interpretation in Europe reflects a dynamic interaction between legal certainty and moral legitimacy. The twentieth century was marked largely by a positivist approach to constitutionalism, where the authority of law derived from democratic enactment, procedural rigor,
Is European Democracy and Public Administration Ready for Artificial Intelligence?
In the 21st century, European Union law and constitutional law face new challenges. AI affects the exercise of public authority, democratic legitimacy and the institutional balance of the European Union. AI should not only be regulated, but public administration must
A Single or a Singular European Human Rights Framework? On The EU’s Accession to the European Convention on Human Rights
This article examines the complicated process of the European Union’s accession to the European Convention on Human Rights. It highlights the institutional gap that leaves the EU outside the Strasbourg supervisory system, while discusses the key legal and political obstacles. All
A Critique of the Proposed ESMA Executive Board
This article examines the proposed transition from a European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) Management Board to an Executive Board under the Market Integration and Supervision Package (MISP), arguing that such a shift represents a profound and contentious reconfiguration of
Judgment from Data – The Invisible Mechanisms of Digital Dispute Resolution
By 2026, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) has evolved far beyond mere video calls. It is now driven by algorithms that translate legal conflicts into mathematical equations. To master these systems as experts, we must understand the process of "datafication," which